Cognomen 蔡 (Chua 
, Cai , Thái 
, and others...) , in all the world, is a prevalent last name. The cognomen 蔡 is habitual in Singapore, where it is a widespread surname, China, where it is a common surname, and Cayman Islands (explore the name in all countries). In absolute terms, it is the most numerous in China, Philippines, and Taiwan. Much less frequently, 蔡 is the forename as well as the last name.
| VARIANT | COUNTRY |
|---|---|
| Tsai, Cai, Chua | Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, Philippines, China |
| Thái | Singapore, United States, Malaysia, Vietnam, China |
| 蔡 | China |
| Cài | Vietnam, Taiwan |
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蔡倫 Chinese official credited with inventing paper (died 121), CN (b. 62) |
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蔡邕 Chinese official and scholar (132-192), CN (b. 133) |
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蔡琰 3rd century Chinese poet and musician, CN (b. 177) |
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蔡襄 Chinese calligrapher-architect (b. 1012) |
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| 蔡潤石 Qing dynasty person CBDB = 121013, MO (b. 1616) |
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| 蔡婉羅 Qing dynasty person CBDB = 91039, MO (b. 1658) |
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| 蔡捷 Qing dynasty person CBDB = 55763, MO (b. 1662) |
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| 蔡琬 Qing dynasty person CBDB = 55354, MO (b. 1695) |
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| 蔡紫瓊 Qing dynasty person CBDB = 54204, MO (b. 1816) |
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蔡儒楷 Chinese politician in the late Qing Dynasty, CN (b. 1867) |
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蔡元培 Chinese educator, Esperantist and the president of Peking University (1868-1940), CN (b. 1868) |
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蔡公时 Chinese diplomat (1881-1928), CN (b. 1881) |
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蔡锷 Chinese politician (1882-1916), CN (b. 1882) |
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蔡培 Chinese diplomat and politician (1884-1960), CN (b. 1884) |
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蔡培火 politician of Taiwan, TW (b. 1889) |
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